Thermal conductivity is a key indicator for measuring the performance of insulation materials. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the insulation effect. Insulation materials such as glass wool, rock wool, and aluminium silicate fibre have a loose internal fibre structure filled with air, and the low thermal conductivity of air results in these materials having a relatively low overall thermal conductivity. Materials like microporous calcium silicate and polyurethane also have a low thermal conductivity due to their unique microstructure and chemical composition, effectively preventing heat conduction.
Due to the transmission characteristics of pre-insulated steam pipes, insulation materials need to have good high-temperature resistance. Inorganic materials such as aluminium silicate and microporous calcium silicate can withstand high temperatures, maintaining structural stability in high-temperature environments and continuously providing insulation. For steam pipes with different temperature ranges, it is necessary to select high-temperature resistant insulation materials suitable for the actual temperature. For example, for steam pipes with temperatures below 250°C, the insulation layer can be made of glass wool; for pipes around 250°C – 320°C, a composite insulation structure of glass wool and aluminium silicate needle-punched blanket can be used; for pipes around 320°C – 350°C, an insulation structure of aluminium silicate needle-punched blanket or a composite structure of glass wool and aluminium silicate needle-punched blanket can be used.
The insulation materials selected for steel jacket steam pre-insulated steel pipes also need to have a certain compressive strength to withstand various pressures during pipeline operation. Particularly in applications such as underground direct burial, they need to withstand soil pressure and possible ground loads. Materials like microporous calcium silicate have high compressive strength, maintaining structural integrity while withstanding a certain amount of pressure, without affecting insulation performance. In actual engineering, the requirements for the compressive strength of insulation materials are determined based on factors such as the depth of pipeline burial and soil properties.
The intrusion of moisture can significantly reduce the performance of insulation materials. Rock wool and glass wool have poor water repellency and moisture resistance, limiting their use in damp environments. However, some specially treated insulation materials, such as hydrophobic composite silicates, have better waterproof and moisture-resistant properties. In practical applications, moisture-proof and waterproof layers are often added outside the insulation layer to further enhance the waterproof effect and ensure the stable performance of the insulation materials.
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